Hi Dear All…
Greetings….
You can find here articles which offer some basic idea of computer
networking. If you’re a beginner, you can feel pretty good with the networking
fundamentals explained here, or if you have already completed your
diploma/degree, don’t worry! You can still refresh your ideas on networking.
Computer Networking Fundamentals
There are two types of computers: a single/standalone PC or a networked
PC. A single PC can use its own resources (like files, printers, internet
connection) only, but a networked PC can access the files from other PCs, or
printers connected to other computers. So, a computer network is considered to
be a set of computers connected together in order to share the resources. Today,
Internet has become very common like a basic need of life. Internet itself is large
computer network, because so many computers in the world are connected together
to share the information.
What is a Computer Network?
A set of connected computers is called a computer network. The PCs on a
network are called nodes. The computers can be connected through cabling - the
Ethernet cable is the most common -or via wireless connection through radio
waves. The advantage of a computer network is that the PCs can share the files
and folders, printers, access to the Internet etc. that means a networked
computer is more powerful, because it can do more things than a single computer.
Imagine what can a society do compared to a single individual.
Types of Network Connection
There are several type of network connections, depending on the technique
of connecting computers; it’s called network topologies. Some of the common
topologies are listed below:
Collapsed Ring Topology
The most commonly used topology today is called collapsed ring. The Ethernet protocol (a network language) which supports
the Internet, Local Area Networks (LAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN) uses this
topology.
In this topology, there will be a central node called a hub, router, or a
switch. This device has a ring topology internally and there will be plugins
for cables. Likewise, each PC may have a separate cable, which can plug into
the device.
Star Topology
In a star topology, there will be a central node which extends a cable to
each PC on the network. The computers are connected independently to the
central node on a star network, The advantage of this type of network is, even
if a cable is broken, the other PCs can still work. The negative side is, a
star topology needs a lot of cabling.
Bus Topology
There will only be a single cable to connect all computers in a bus
topology. The good advantage of this topology is, required minimum level of
cabling, but if a cable is broken, all the PCs down the line cannot access the
network.
Some Terms and Definitions:
Local Area Network (LAN):
This network is ideal for a small number of
people in a small geographical area. Peer-to-peer or client server networking
methods can be applied.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
This network can connect a computer with its
peripheral resources across a wide geographical area.
Wireless Area Network (WAN):
In this network, there is no need any wires
or physical media to connect computers (hosts) with the server. The data is
transferred through radio transceivers.
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